The so-called Wolf Creek Conferences of CPR researchers were initiated by Doctors James Elam, James Jude, and Peter Safar.  The objective was to improve the clinical practices of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by stimulating laboratory and clinical research.  There was great need of objective data such that guidelines on resuscitation might be secure.  Those who were to deliver such life-saving care had to be identified and appropriately trained.  The first meeting of some 10 investigators was hosted in 1975 by Dr. James Jude at his “Wolf Creek Lodge” in Georgia.  The proceedings were published by Doctors Safar and Elam as part of a monograph entitled Advances in CPR by Springer-Verlag in 1977.  The second meeting occurred approximately five years later.  It was chaired by the late Dr. Joseph Redding.  The proceedings appeared in Critical Care Medicine in 1981. The third was held approximately five years later and it was organized by Doctors Nicholas Bircher, Mickey Eisenberg and Charles Otto.  The fourth Wolf Creek Conference was held in Palm Springs, California in April of 1996 and convened by Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine under the chairmanship of Dr. Max Harry Weil.  The proceedings were published in New Horizons in May 1997. The fifth, sixth and seventh Wolf Creek Conferences were held in September of 1999, June 2001 and June 2003 in Rancho Mirage, again under the auspices of Weil Institute of Critical Care Medicine with the Co-Chairmanship of Dr. Max Harry Weil and Dr. Wanchun Tang. The proceedings were published in Critical Care Medicine in November 2000, April 2002, and September 2004, respectively. The Eighth Wolf Creek Conference was held June 10 through June 13, 2005 and the Ninth Wolf Creek Conference was held on June 21 through June 24, 2007, again in Rancho Mirage.